It hardly seems possible that a small predatory sea creature might be the future of hearing loss treatments, but according to one group of researchers, they have all the right stuff. The Center for Hearing and Communication reports that an estimated 48 million people in this country suffer from hearing loss and a majority of them are older. Age-related hearing loss affects one in every three people over the age of 65, and they are the ones that will likely benefit from current studies being done on the sea anemones.
What are Sea Anemones?
These are the beautiful and unique sea creatures often seen in underwater photography. Technically, it is a group of marine animals that get their name from a flowering plant called the anemone. Like the plant, sea anemones are a bit Medusa-like. Their body consists of a columnar trunk surrounded by a ring of tentacles.
These are highly predatory creatures that use their tentacles for hunting. They pull their arms in to draw in prey and then expand when it comes time to catch their next meal. The tentacles also help propel them through the water, although, they tend to remain stationary for weeks at a time.
What kind of food do they eat? The sea anemones are not picky eaters. They pull the tentacles out to catch just about any animal that comes within reach and will fit in its mouth.
How the Sea Anemone can Help the Hearing Impaired
A 2016 study published in the Journal of Experimental Biology reports that the sea anemone has tiny hair cells that allow them to sense vibrations in the ocean when catching prey. The core of these hair cells is similar to what humans use to hear.
The inner ear consists of a labyrinth structure filled with delicate hair cells that resemble what the sea anemone use to detect vibrations. The hair cells transduce the vibrations of sound into something the brain can understand. Without them, there is no way for you to comprehend what you hear.
The problem with these delicate hair cells in both humans and sea anemones is they can easily break. It is the broken hairs that lead to the kind of hearing loss that people experience as they get older. Decades of listening to sounds around you like your favorite TV show and the local band that plays every weekend takes a toll. The tiny hair cells are damaged over time and hearing gradually diminishes.
For humans, the damage to these hair cells is impossible to fix. The sea anemone, though, has a built-in system that is the key to their survival. Without the hair cells, they cannot detect prey in the area, so they don’t eat. During reproduction, the sea anemones tear their body in two and that breaks the hair cells. Afterward, they cover themselves with mucus that contains a protein to repair tissue including the hair cells.
The Sea Anemone Study
University of Louisiana biology professor Glen Watson and his colleagues decided to look closer at the healing process of the sea anemone to see if those same repair proteins might work for different species. The researchers used mice in the study because their ears have similar hair cells — called stereocilia — that enable hearing. They destroyed the stereocilia in the test mice and then treated them with repair protein taken from a starlet sea anemone. The result was significant repair of the stereocilia.
Will That Protein Work on Humans?
The study shows that fixing similar hair cells with this protein does work in other animals, specifically the mice used for this research. The problem is mice are not humans. They have proteins that are related to the ones the sea anemones use for repair. People, on the other hand, do not any that connection. For scientists, the next step is to find a way to harness the repair power of the sea anemone using a natural protein or by harvesting something in nature. If successful, they might be able to repair damage to these hair cells and fix hearing loss in humans.
It’s likely that a cure for age-related hearing loss is still years away. This discovery and research are important, though. It proves that some animals have the ability to repair hair cells and, with more study, it might someday work for humans, too.
